Tips & Advice: Remove Urine Stains & Odors

How to Remove Stains and Odors
Remove Urine from Mattresses
Remove Urine from Carpets
Remove Urine from Hardwood Floors
Remove Urine from Ceramic
Remove Cat Urine
Remove Dog Urine

How to Remove Stains and Odors

Whether you're cleaning up after a cat or dog, a young child or incontinent adult, you know how difficult it can be to remove urine stains and odors. The reason that this type of stain is so difficult to remove is because of the uric acid crystals found in urine. Any type of urine from mammals, whether it is human or pet urine, contains uric acid crystals, which can only be removed by using an enzyme based cleaning product. Different products for each type of animal urine removal are not necessary. Traditional products involving soap and strong chemicals aren't able to work because they do not break down the uric acid crystals. The only permanent method of removing urine odor and stains is by using products specifically designed to bind with and destroy the uric acid. This is exactly how our enzyme based cleaners work.

The enzyme products that really work are those that have the correct combination of enzymes and other ingredients to destroy the uric acid crystals and at the same time eliminate the bacteria surrounding the urine which causes the odor. The enzymes are applied to the stain in a liquid form and take the same path that the urine would have taken originally. We carry several effective urine removal products, and the product that you choose should depend on the stain that you have to remove. All of our products have a money-back guarantee, even removing stains as old as 20 years.

Urine-Erase uses a two-step process. First, a dry enzyme powder is mixed fresh with water. This solution is poured onto the surface of the stain and allowed to sit for 8 hours. The second step is to pour the accompanying gentle peroxide solution over the stain. This solution changes the stain and odor into an evaporable gas of water and oxygen. Once the area has air dried, any remaining enzyme on the surface is vacuumed away and the area is clean and odor-free.

Urine-Erase Works Well For:

Cleaning mattresses, carpets and padding, and furniture which has been saturated with urine
Floors of all types, including hardwood, concrete or tile, especially large surface areas
Old, set-in stains
Situations in which you have at least 12 hours to clean the area

OdorZyme is another effective enzyme-based urine remover. This product consists of a super strength plant-based surfactant, which digests the uric acid crystals at the source of the odor and stain. It does not simply cover or mask the smell, it actually attacks the uric acid crystals—the source of the odor. Its one step design makes it useful to immediately neutralize stains and treat small spots with the easy to use spray on applicator. It comes in both a spray-on trigger bottle and a large money-saving economy size. As with all enzyme based urine removal products, it is important to use the amount of product that is equal to the amount of urine that originally caused the stain. This is especially important when using a spray bottle because the tendency is to just wet the surface. If the urine has soaked into furniture or carpet, the cleaner must "soak" in also.

OdorZyme Works Well For:

Spraying on vinyl mattress covers to simplify morning clean-up
Soaking clothing, bedding, stuffed animals and other machine washable items as a pre-wash
Small, fresh urine spots or frequent animal wetting spots
Situations when a convenient spray-on cleaner is all you have time for

Both of these products provide superior results for pet and human urine stain removal and our customers have reported excellent results, even after professional cleaning with other methods. Some customers find that having both types of products will meet their ongoing stain removal needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Do I need a separate product for cats, dogs, my children, etc?

A: No, the uric acid crystals from any type of urine should be removed by the same product.

Q: How do I know how much of the product I need?

A: A good rule of thumb is to use a volume of the liquid based enzyme solution that is equal to the amount of urine that created the stain. Mattresses and furniture require enough product to follow the same path as the urine, while floors and flat surfaces require less cleaner. All enzyme based cleaners work better if a sufficient quantity is used. If the cleaner does not extend beyond the edges of the stain, some uric acid crystals may remain.

Q: If I treat my mattress, how long will it be before I can sleep on it again.

A: This depends on the type of cleaner you choose and the size of the urine spot. Large spots may require that you not use the mattress for one night. Drying of the enzyme cleaner can be hastened by using a fan and low humidity environment. View more mattress tips.

Q: I just moved into a house that had cats. I'm replacing the carpet but I want to make sure the floor is clean underneath. Which product do you recommend?

A: Urine-Erase was originally designed to be used to clean all types of flooring after being inhabited by animals. Its unique two step formulation should clean your floor, in preparation for your new carpet. Be sure that baseboards and adjacent walls are treated as well. View more carpet tips.

Q: How do I prevent my incontinent pet from continuing to ruin my furniture and bed?

Remove Urine from Mattresses

Whether you're cleaning up after your child, an incontinent adult, or your pet, you know how difficult it can be to remove urine stains and odors from a mattress. The reason that this type of stain is so difficult to remove is because of the uric acid crystals found in urine. Any type of urine from mammals, whether it is human or pet urine, contains uric acid crystals, which can only be removed by using an enzyme based cleaning product. Traditional products involving soap and strong chemicals aren't able to work because they do not break down the uric acid crystals. The only permanent method of removing urine odor and stains is by using products specifically designed to bind with and destroy the uric acid. This is exactly how our enzyme based cleaners work.

Products must have the correct combination of enzymes and other ingredients to destroy the uric acid crystals and at the same time eliminate the bacteria surrounding the urine which causes the odor. The enzymes are applied to the stain in a liquid form and take the same path that the urine would have taken originally. We carry several effective urine removal products, and the product that you choose should depend on the age and the size of the stain that you have to remove. All of our products have a money-back guarantee, even removing stains as old as 20 years.

We carry two products that work great on mattresses.

Another effective enzyme-based urine remover is OdorZyme. This product consists of a super strength plant-based surfactant, which digests the uric acid crystals at the source of the odor and stain. It does not simply cover or mask the smell, it actually attacks the uric acid crystals—the source of the odor. Its one step design makes it useful to immediately neutralize stains and treat small spots with the easy to use spray on applicator. It comes in both a spray-on trigger bottle and a large money-saving economy size. As with all enzyme based urine removal products, it is important to use the amount of product that is equal to the amount of urine that originally caused the stain. This is especially important when using a spray bottle because the tendency is to just wet the surface. If the urine has soaked into your mattress, the cleaner must also "soak" in. The spray-on trigger bottle is convenient for quick morning clean-ups, or small stains.

Specific Directions for Mattresses

ALWAYS check for colorfastness! As a general rule, enzyme cleaners will do no more harm to the surface of the mattress than water would. Remove all bedding before application.

For Fresh Urine Deposits:

Do not use any other cleaners or chemicals.
Soak up as much urine as possible by blotting with paper towels or cloth.
Use a sufficient amount of stain remover to ensure that product soaks through the mattress as much as the urine would have originally soaked through.
Allow to air dry.
After urine odor and stain are removed, remove residue by applying a small amount of water to the area and blotting it up with a paper towel. It is important to remove the residue or the area may attract dirt.

For Old, Dried Urine Stains:

Be aware that long-term urine exposure can actually "burn" the dyes in the fabric of the mattress. Such damage is not common, but even the most complete urine removal cannot reverse it.
Do not use any other cleaners or chemicals!
The enzyme cleaner must contact all of the urine soaked material completely to remove the odor and stain.
Ensure that product soaks through the mattress as much as the urine would have originally soaked through.
For particularly old or difficult stains, saturate the area and cover with plastic wrap for 24 to 48 hours, allowing the product to stay moist and work for a longer period.
Note that as the first application of product goes to work, the urine odor may intensify at first. This is normal with old or heavy urine deposits, and indicates that the urine is being broken loose and is rising to the surface. The plastic will also help to draw the urine to the surface.
Allow to air dry.
If the stain is still visible after dry, repeat application for the next few days, and if necessary, until stain is no longer visible and odor is gone (this may take 3-4 applications).
After urine odor and stain are removed, remove residue by applying a small amount of water to the area and blotting up with paper towel. It is important to remove residue or the area may attract dirt.

When possible, open windows and/or place a fan in the room to accelerate the drying process. You will need to allow sufficient time for the mattress to dry, so make other sleeping arrangements during the cleaning process.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: If I treat my mattress, how long will it be before I can sleep on it again?

Q: How do I know how much of the product I need?

A: A good rule of thumb is to use a volume of the liquid based enzyme solution that is equal to the amount of urine that created the stain. Mattresses require enough product to follow the same path as the urine, while floors and flat surfaces require less cleaner. All enzyme based cleaners work better if a sufficient quantity is used. If the cleaner does not extend beyond the edges of the stain, some uric acid crystals may remain.

Q: Someone gave me their used mattress. While I appreciate their generosity, it looks and smells terrible. What cleaner would you recommend? I don't have enough money for a new mattress right now.

A: Urine-Erase is effective at removing old, set in stains, so it would be a good choice. The larger gallon size container would be a good place to start. Remember that the enzyme packet does not dissolve in the mixture that you initially pour on the stain. You will normally see particles sitting on surface of your mattress and may smell a stronger urine smell when first pouring the product on. This is very normal as the enzyme binds with the uric acid. After you have completed the second step and allowed the mattress to dry, simply vacuum the surface of the mattress to remove any residual enzyme powder.

Q: After I clean my mattress, how do I prevent ongoing incontinence from continuing to ruin it?

A: After thoroughly cleaning the areas with an enzyme based cleaner, protect your bed and pillowcases with comfortable waterproof mattress covers. The newest protective bedding products are lightweight, easily washed and very comfortable to sleep on. They come in breathable, zippered or fitted styles and prevent any moisture from ruining your mattress. An added advantage is they also protect you from dust mites and other allergens. Many of our customers also use the washable waterproof overlays, which come in a variety of sizes, to protect their furniture, floors, and beds. A few dollars spent for waterproof bedding saves your mattress and your time, and will decrease the frequency of buying new beds.

Remove Urine from Carpets

Whether you're cleaning up after your child, an incontinent adult, or your pet, you know how difficult it can be to remove urine stains and odors from carpet. The reason that this type of stain is so difficult to remove is because of the uric acid crystals found in urine. Any type of urine from mammals, whether it is human or pet urine, contains uric acid crystals, which can only be removed by using an enzyme based cleaning product. Traditional products involving soap and strong chemicals aren't able to work because they do not break down the uric acid crystals. The only permanent method of removing urine odor and stains is by using products specifically designed to bind with and destroy the uric acid. This is exactly how our enzyme based cleaners work.

We carry two products that work great on carpet.

Another effective enzyme-based urine remover is OdorZyme. This product consists of a super strength plant-based surfactant, which digests the uric acid crystals at the source of the odor and stain. It does not simply cover or mask the smell, it actually attacks the uric acid crystals—the source of the odor. Its one step design makes it useful to immediately neutralize stains and treat small spots with the easy to use spray on applicator. It comes in both a spray-on trigger bottle and a large money-saving economy size. As with all enzyme based urine removal products, it is important to use the amount of product that is equal to the amount of urine that originally caused the stain. This is especially important when using a spray bottle because the tendency is to just wet the surface. If the urine has soaked into your carpet, the cleaner must also "soak" in. The spray-on trigger bottle is convenient for quick spot clean-ups, or small stains.

Specific Directions for Carpet and Upholstery

ALWAYS check first for colorfastness by applying to an inconspicuous area.

For Fresh Urine Deposits:

Do not use any other cleaners or chemicals. Do not shampoo carpet or upholstery. If you plan to have the carpet or upholstery shampooed anyway, do this only after you have removed all urine odor and stain.
Soak up as much urine as possible by blotting by hand with paper towels. Do not use your shoe to press down the paper towels, as urine residue on your shoe will track urine scent for several steps! Use protective gloves if desired.
If using Odorzyme, use the "stream" setting on the sprayer nozzle to saturate the urine stain, the underlying padding, and the flooring, (Odorzyme must contact all of the urine-soaked material completely to remove the odor and stain). For large volumes of urine, remove the sprayer and pour Odorzyme directly onto the stain.
If using Urine-Erase, mix the enzyme powder according to the instructions and saturate the are you are treating. Wait at least eight hours (or overnight) and pour the solution from the bottle onto the same area.
Allow to air dry.
After urine odor and stain are removed, remove residue by applying a small amount of water to the area and blotting it up with a paper towel. You may need to do this several times. It is important to remove the residue, or the treated area may attract dirt.

For Old Urine Stains:

Older urine deposits can adversely affect or remove dyes in the carpet or upholstery. This damage is not common, but if this has happened, the cleaner cannot reverse the damaged area.
Do not use any other cleaners or chemicals! Do not shampoo carpet. If you plan to have the carpet shampooed anyway, do this only after you have removed all urine odor and stain.
If using Odorzyme, use the "stream" setting on the sprayer nozzle to saturate the urine stain, the underlying padding, and the flooring, (Odorzyme must contact all of the urine-soaked material completely to remove the odor and stain).For large volumes of urine, remove the sprayer and pour Odorzyme directly onto the stain.
If using Urine-Erase, mix the enzyme powder according to the instructions and saturate the are you are treating. Wait at least eight hours (or overnight) and pour the solution from the bottle onto the same area.
For particularly old or difficult stains, saturate the area and cover with plastic wrap for 24 to 48 hours, allowing the product to dry more slowly.
Note that as the first application goes to work, the urine odor may actually intensify at first. This is normal with old or heavy urine deposits and indicates that the urine is being broken loose and is rising to the surface.
Allow to air dry.
If necessary, repeat application for the next few days until stain is no longer visible and odor is gone.
After urine odor and stain are removed, remove residue by applying a small amount of water to the area and blotting up with paper towel. It is important to remove residue or the area may attract dirt.

When possible, open windows and/or place a fan in the room to accelerate the drying process.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: How do I know how much of the product I need?

A: A good rule of thumb is to use a volume of the liquid based enzyme solution that is equal to the amount of urine that created the stain. Use enough product to follow the same path as the urine. All enzyme based cleaners work best when a sufficient quantity is used. If the cleaner does not extend beyond the edges of the stain, some uric acid crystals may remain.

Q: What happens if I still smell an odor after treatment?

A: First, remember that the smell usually gets worse before it gets better. This means that the cleaner is working. Carpet and underpads may take several days to completely dry, so make sure the area is dry. If the odor still persists, then you probably need to use additional product. You must reach all the dried urine for products to work effectively. Sometimes, especially for urine on the edge of the room, the urine penetrates the floor under your carpet pad, or the baseboard on the wall. These are stubborn areas that may require additional treatment, or require you to pull up the carpet in this area.

Remove From Hardwood Floors

Urine stains on hardwood flooring can be the most difficult stains to remove. Repeated urine soiling will turn the area black. Black staining indicates that there is a heavy build-up of dried uric salt crystals. Black stains also indicate wood damage has taken place (the acidic urine has burned the tannins in the wood).

Enzyme based cleaners can remove the urine odor entirely, and can also remove the buildup of dried uric salt crystals with repeated application. The damage to the wood tannins cannot be reversed! After the black stains are removed, the wood may remain a stained gray to black consistency, which shows a permanent burning caused by the uric acid. If this is unacceptable, refinishing will be necessary. In many cases sanding can remove the damaged wood so the flooring can be refinished.

Treat the affected area with a stain remover before refinishing. The heat of sanding and refinishing can bake the urine crystals into the wood and make odor and stain removal much more difficult if sanding and refinishing is done first. Use multiple applications to remove as much of the staining as possible first, then less wood will need to be removed during the finishing process.

We carry two products that work great on hardwood floors.

Another effective enzyme-based urine remover is OdorZyme. This product consists of a super strength plant-based surfactant, which digests the uric acid crystals at the source of the odor and stain. It does not simply cover or mask the smell, it actually attacks the uric acid crystals—the source of the odor. Its one step design makes it useful to immediately neutralize stains and treat small spots with the easy to use spray on applicator. It comes in both a spray-on trigger bottle and a large money-saving economy size. As with all enzyme based urine removal products, it is important to use the amount of product that is equal to the amount of urine that originally caused the stain. This is especially important when using a spray bottle because the tendency is to just wet the surface. If the urine has soaked into your carpet, the cleaner must also "soak" in. The spray-on trigger bottle is convenient for quick spot clean-ups, or small stains.

Specific Directions for Hardwood Floors

Use the following procedure for severely stained floors! Less severe problems will not require as extensive a treatment.

When Using Urine-Erase:

Step One: Mix the enzyme powder according to the instructions and saturate the area you are treating. Use plastic to keep the area moist to permit the solution to dry slowly - allowing more time for the enzyme to work. Wait at least eight hours (or overnight) before moving on to the next step.
Step Two: Pour the solution from the bottle onto the same area and let dry.
Reapply as needed.

When Using OdorZyme:

Treat the perimeter of the problem area first.
Next treat the entire affected floor area until it is completely saturated.
Cover the wet floor with plastic sheeting to slow the evaporation speed and allow the product to work longer. As the product loosens the uric crystals from the wood; the plastic will also help to draw the urine to the surface. NOTE: Expect the urine odor to become stronger at this point.
After 30 minutes, remove the plastic and blot the floor dry with paper towels or cloths.
Re-apply Odorzyme, but do not use plastic sheeting this time. The urine will continue to be drawn to the surface. After 30 minutes, blot the floor dry with paper towels or cloth.
Continue to apply Odorzyme, wait 20-40 minutes and blot up until all odor is removed. Each treatment will improve the condition of the surface, as evidenced by the stains becoming lighter and smaller in diameter, until all urine residue is removed.
Spot-treat stained areas as needed until stains are gone or have ceased to grow lighter, indicating that all urine has been removed. Allow to air dry.
After the final treatment, rinse with water and wipe or mop dry.

Once odor is removed, use a sponge mop and a minimal amount of water to remove residue from the surface.

Used according to instructions, these products will remove the odor, reduce the staining, and provide a better starting point for refinishing or covering with new flooring. In some cases, the results can be so good the floor can be used as is!

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What happens if I still smell an odor after treatment?

A: First, remember that the smell usually gets worse before it gets better. This means that the cleaner is working. The solution probably penetrated the seams or cracks in the wood and reached the subfloor so it may take several days to completely dry. If the odor still persists, then you probably need to use additional product. You must reach all the dried urine for products to work effectively. Sometimes, especially for urine on the edge of the room, the urine penetrates the baseboard on the wall. These are stubborn areas that may require additional treatment.

Remove From Ceramic

We carry two products that work great on tile floors.

Another effective enzyme-based urine remover is OdorZyme. This product consists of a super strength plant-based surfactant, which digests the uric acid crystals at the source of the odor and stain. It does not simply cover or mask the smell, it actually attacks the uric acid crystals—the source of the odor. Its one step design makes it useful to immediately neutralize stains and treat small spots with the easy to use spray on applicator. It comes in both a spray-on trigger bottle and a large money-saving economy size. As with all enzyme based urine removal products, it is important to use the amount of product that is equal to the amount of urine that originally caused the stain. This is especially important when using a spray bottle because the tendency is to just wet the surface. If the urine has soaked into your carpet, the cleaner must also "soak" in. The spray-on trigger bottle is convenient for quick spot clean-ups, or small stains.

Specific Directions for Tile Floors

For Fresh Urine Deposits:

Do not use any other cleaners or chemicals.
Soak up as much urine as possible by blotting with paper towels or cloth.
If using Odorzyme, use the "stream" setting on the sprayer nozzle to saturate the urine stain, the underlying padding, and the flooring, (Odorzyme must contact all of the urine-soaked material completely to remove the odor and stain). For large volumes of urine, remove the sprayer and pour Odorzyme directly onto the stain. Use a sufficient amount of stain remover to ensure that product soaks the area you are treating.
After urine odor and stain are removed, remove residue by applying a small amount of water to the area and blotting it up with a paper towel. It is important to remove the residue or the area may attract dirt.

For Old Urine Stains:

Be aware that long-term urine exposure can actually "burn" the dyes in grout. Such damage is not common, but even the most complete urine removal cannot reverse it.
Do not use any other cleaners or chemicals!
The enzyme cleaner must contact all of the urine soaked tile and grout completely to remove the odor and stain.
For particularly old or difficult stains, saturate the area and cover with plastic wrap for 24 to 48 hours, allowing the product to stay moist and work for a longer period.
Note that as the first application of product goes to work, the urine odor may intensify at first. This is normal with old or heavy urine deposits, and indicates that the urine is being broken loose and is rising to the surface. The plastic will also help to draw the urine to the surface.
Allow to air dry.
If the stain is still visible after drying, repeat application for the next few days, and if necessary, until stain is no longer visible and odor is gone (this may take 3-4 applications).
After urine odor and stain are removed, remove residue with water.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: How do I know how much of the product I need?

A: A good rule of thumb is to use a volume of the liquid based enzyme solution that is equal to the amount of urine that created the stain. All enzyme based cleaners work best when a sufficient quantity is used. If the cleaner does not extend beyond the edges of the stain, some uric acid crystals may remain.

Remove Cat Urine

When you're cleaning up after your cat, you know how difficult it can be to remove urine stains and odors. The reason that this type of stain is so difficult to remove is because of the uric acid crystals found in cat urine. Any type of urine from mammals, whether it is human or pet urine, contains uric acid crystals, which can only be removed by using an enzyme based cleaning product. Traditional products involving soap and strong chemicals aren't able to work because they do not break down the uric acid crystals. The only permanent method of removing urine odor and stains is by using products specifically designed to bind with and destroy the uric acid. This is exactly how our enzyme based cleaners work.

The enzyme products that really work are those that have the correct combination of enzymes and other ingredients to destroy the uric acid crystals and at the same time eliminate the bacteria surrounding the urine which causes the odor. The enzymes are applied to the stain in a liquid form and take the same path that the urine would have taken originally. We carry several effective urine removal products, and the product that you choose should depend on the age and the size of the stain that you have to remove. All of our products have a money-back guarantee, even removing stains as old as 20 years.

Urine-Erase Works Well For:

Cleaning mattress, carpets and padding, and furniture which has been saturated with urine
Floors of all types, including hardwood, concrete or tile, especially large surface areas
Old, set-in stains
Situations in which you have at least 12 hours to clean the area

OdorZyme Works Well For:

Soaking clothing, rugs, toys and other machine washable items as a pre-wash
Small, fresh urine spots or frequent wetting spots
Thoroughly cleaning the litter box
Situations when a convenient spray-on cleaner is all you have time for

Both of these products provide superior results for cat urine stain removal and our customers have reported excellent results, even after professional cleaning with other methods. Some customers find that having both types of products will meet their ongoing stain removal needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Do I need a separate product for cats, dogs, my children, etc?

A: No, the uric acid crystals from any type of urine should be removed by the same product.

Q: How do I know how much of the product I need?

Q: I just moved into a house that had cats. I'm replacing the carpet but I want to make sure the floor is clean underneath. Which product do you recommend?

Q: How do I prevent my incontinent pet from continuing to ruin my furniture and bed?

Remove Dog Urine

When you're cleaning up after your dog, you know how difficult it can be to remove urine stains and odors. The reason that this type of stain is so difficult to remove is because of the uric acid crystals found in dog urine. Any type of urine from mammals, whether it is human or pet urine, contains uric acid crystals, which can only be removed by using an enzyme based cleaning product. Traditional products involving soap and strong chemicals aren't able to work because they do not break down the uric acid crystals. The only permanent method of removing urine odor and stains is by using products specifically designed to bind with and destroy the uric acid. This is exactly how our enzyme based cleaners work.

The enzyme products that really work are those that have the correct combination of enzymes and other ingredients to destroy the uric acid crystals and at the same time eliminate the bacteria surrounding the urine which causes the odor. The enzymes are applied to the stain in a liquid form and take the same path that the urine would have taken originally. We carry several effective urine removal products, and the product that you choose should depend on the age and the size of the stain that you have to remove. All of our products have a money-back guarantee, even removing stains as old as 20 years.

Urine-Erase Works Well For:

Cleaning mattress, carpets and padding, and furniture which has been saturated or sprayed with urine
Floors of all types, including hardwood, concrete or tile, especially large surface areas or kennels
Old, set-in stains
Situations in which you have at least 12 hours to clean the area

OdorZyme Works Well For:

Soaking bedding, rugs, toys and other machine washable items as a pre-wash
Small, fresh urine spots or frequent wetting spots
Thoroughly cleaning the sleeping area
Situations when a convenient spray-on cleaner is all you have time for

Both of these products provide superior results for dog urine stain removal and our customers have reported excellent results, even after professional cleaning with other methods. Some customers find that having both types of products will meet their ongoing stain removal needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Do I need a separate product for cats, dogs, my children, etc?

A: No, the uric acid crystals from any type of urine should be removed by the same product.

Q: How do I know how much of the product I need?

Q: The previous owners of my house did not take good care of their dogs. I just moved in and have noticed many urine spots on the floor. I'm replacing the carpet but I want to make sure the floor is clean underneath. Which product do you recommend?

Q: How do I prevent my incontinent dog from continuing to ruin my furniture and bed?

Tips & Advice: Remove Urine Stains & Odors

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